Blue turquoise discus fish, fascinating with their vibrant hues, are a real spectacle for any aquarium fanatic. Their shimmering scales and hanging coloration patterns make them a fascinating addition to any assortment. This complete information delves into all the things from their care and husbandry to breeding, well being, and the fascinating historical past of those stunning creatures. Put together to be mesmerized!
This information gives a complete overview of the blue turquoise discus fish, exploring their fascinating traits, the specifics of their care, and the fascinating particulars of their breeding, well being, and historic context. We’ll additionally discover numerous aquarium design choices, upkeep suggestions, and their distinguishing options, finally empowering you to know and respect these gorgeous fish.
Overview of Blue Turquoise Discus Fish
The Blue Turquoise Discus, a fascinating addition to any aquarium, boasts an beautiful array of colours that dance throughout its physique. Its hanging look and comparatively docile nature make it a well-liked selection for hobbyists. This overview delves into the important thing traits, habitat, and comparisons to different discus varieties.These shimmering beauties, with their distinctive coloration patterns, are positive to be a focus in your aquatic show.
Their sleek actions and vibrant hues make them a very enchanting expertise.
Bodily Traits
The Blue Turquoise Discus showcases a hanging mixture of blues and turquoise hues, typically with hints of silver or gold shimmering throughout its scales. This coloration creates a wide ranging spectacle, making it a fascinating addition to any aquarium. The intricate patterns and refined variations in shade contribute to the fish’s attract. The fragile fins, typically a lighter shade, add to its aesthetic enchantment.
Measurement and Lifespan
Blue Turquoise Discus, like different discus varieties, usually attain a dimension of 4-6 inches in maturity. Their lifespan, below optimum circumstances, can vary from 8 to 12 years. Nonetheless, sustaining a wholesome atmosphere is essential to making sure an extended and completely satisfied life for these fascinating fish. Offering ample area, correct filtration, and a balanced weight loss plan are essential components in selling their well-being and longevity.
Pure Habitat and Geographic Distribution
These gorgeous fish are native to the Amazon River basin, particularly the tributaries of the Amazon and Orinoco river techniques. Their pure habitat encompasses the dense vegetation and slow-moving waters of those areas. The presence of plentiful vegetation and comparatively calm currents are essential parts of their pure atmosphere. This habitat contributes to their serene and peaceable nature, typically mirrored of their habits in an aquarium.
Comparability with Different Discus Varieties
Whereas all discus varieties share a standard lineage and common traits, variations in coloration and fin shapes make every one distinctive. Blue Turquoise Discus, with its explicit mix of blue and turquoise, distinguishes itself from different varieties. A hanging distinction from the usual discus is the depth of the blue-turquoise colours. Evaluating their coloration depth and sample to different discus species will present how the Blue Turquoise Discus stands out.
Forms of Discus Fish
| Species | Shade | Measurement (approx.) |
|---|---|---|
| Customary Discus | Silver-grey with pink markings | 4-6 inches |
| Purple Discus | Varied shades of pink | 4-6 inches |
| Blue Turquoise Discus | Intense blue-turquoise hues | 4-6 inches |
| Gold Discus | Varied shades of gold | 4-6 inches |
| Black Discus | Deep black | 4-6 inches |
This desk highlights a small pattern of discus varieties, showcasing the range of colours and patterns discovered on this fascinating fish household. Every sort has its distinctive appeal, including to the joy and variety of the passion.
Care and Husbandry
These gorgeous Blue Turquoise Discus demand meticulous care to thrive. Understanding their particular wants is essential to their vibrant well being and fascinating shows. Their delicate magnificence belies a resilience that, with the fitting atmosphere, permits them to flourish.Optimum water circumstances are paramount for these magnificent fish. Sustaining a steady and acceptable atmosphere mimics their pure habitat, permitting them to showcase their finest.
Optimum Water Parameters
Blue Turquoise Discus thrive in a particular water chemistry. Sustaining constant temperature, pH, and ammonia/nitrite/nitrate ranges is essential. The exact vary is significant for his or her well-being.
Preferrred water temperature for Blue Turquoise Discus is 82-86°F (28-30°C). Fluctuations must be minimized.
The best pH vary for these fish is 6.0-7.0. Testing frequently is crucial for sustaining stability.
Ammonia and nitrite ranges must be stored at zero. Nitrate ranges ought to ideally be under 20 ppm. Common water adjustments are key to sustaining these ranges.
Aquarium Setup
An appropriate tank atmosphere is crucial for Blue Turquoise Discus. The tank dimension, substrate, and filtration system are all essential features.A well-designed tank will considerably impression the fish’s well being and happiness. A bigger tank permits for more room to discover and reduces stress. The substrate chosen can affect the visible enchantment and the fish’s well-being.
A tank dimension of 55 gallons (208 liters) or bigger is really useful for a pair of Blue Turquoise Discus.
A clean, fine-grained substrate, like sand or aragonite, is most popular for the tank backside. Sharp gravel may be damaging to their delicate fins.
A strong filtration system is essential for sustaining water high quality. A canister filter is really useful for ample mechanical and organic filtration.
Appropriate Tank Mates
Cautious consideration of tank mates is crucial for the well-being of your Blue Turquoise Discus. Compatibility and temperament are key components.The precise tank mates can improve the visible enchantment and even the habits of your Blue Turquoise Discus. The fallacious selection, nevertheless, can result in stress, damage, and even loss of life.
Peaceable, slow-moving fish of comparable dimension and temperament are one of the best tank mates. Think about species like Cardinal Tetras, Corydoras catfish, or sure kinds of Rasboras.
Keep away from aggressive or fast-moving fish, as these could cause stress or hurt to the discus.
Feeding Methodology
Correct feeding is important to the well being and vibrancy of Blue Turquoise Discus. Portion sizes and meals varieties straight impression their well-being.
Overfeeding can result in water high quality points, whereas underfeeding may end up in malnutrition. Common feeding is essential.
A diversified weight loss plan is essential for his or her dietary wants. Excessive-quality flakes, pellets, and frozen meals, resembling bloodworms, are appropriate choices.
| Feeding Schedule | Meals Kind |
|---|---|
| Morning (7 AM) | Excessive-quality flakes |
| Afternoon (1 PM) | Pellets |
| Night (7 PM) | Frozen bloodworms |
Breeding and Copy
Bringing forth the gorgeous Blue Turquoise Discus is a rewarding expertise, akin to nurturing a uncommon jewel. These fish, with their fascinating colors, possess a singular appeal and current a captivating problem for the devoted aquarist. Their breeding behaviors are fascinating, and cautious remark can reveal a wealth of details about their intricate wants.Breeding Blue Turquoise Discus, like every specialised breeding enterprise, requires a eager understanding of their biology and a supportive atmosphere.
Success hinges on recognizing and assembly their particular wants, from the best water parameters to the nuances of their courtship rituals. A devoted and observant aquarist might be rewarded with the sweetness and satisfaction of witnessing this exceptional course of.
Breeding Behaviors, Blue turquoise discus fish
Blue Turquoise Discus, like different discus species, show elaborate courtship rituals. These rituals typically contain intricate patterns of circling, flashing colors, and delicate nudging. Men and women will have interaction in these shows to draw a mate and to determine dominance. The male’s vibrant colors and exaggerated actions are significantly hanging throughout this part. Understanding these behaviors gives perception into the fish’s inside state and reproductive readiness.
Breeding Steps
Profitable breeding requires a structured method. Step one includes cautious choice of wholesome, mature specimens. Subsequent, present a devoted breeding tank, meticulously ready with the particular water parameters and substrate mentioned earlier. Observing the courtship rituals and making certain correct spawning circumstances is essential. The eggs, as soon as laid, should be rigorously tended to.
Offering ample water stream and temperature management is essential for the well being of the fry. These steps, if diligently adopted, will dramatically enhance the probabilities of profitable breeding.
Breeding Tank Necessities
A devoted breeding tank is crucial for profitable copy. The tank must be considerably bigger than a normal discus tank, providing ample area for the fish to show their courtship behaviours and for the fry to develop. Sustaining steady water parameters, together with temperature, pH, and hardness, is paramount. Offering acceptable hiding locations and spawning mops can facilitate the spawning course of and improve the protection of the eggs and fry.
Challenges and Issues
Breeding Blue Turquoise Discus, whereas rewarding, presents distinctive challenges. One key concern is the potential for aggression between the breeding pair. One other is the fragile nature of the eggs and fry, which require constant monitoring and meticulous care. Annoying circumstances can severely impression breeding success. Lastly, the excessive water quantity necessities for the breeding tank could current sensible challenges for some aquarists.
Understanding these challenges is important to mitigating their impression.
| Breeding Requirement | Potential Challenges |
|---|---|
| Collection of wholesome, mature specimens | Potential for aggression between pair |
| Devoted breeding tank (considerably bigger than commonplace) | Excessive water quantity necessities |
| Steady water parameters (temperature, pH, hardness) | Annoying circumstances impacting breeding success |
| Acceptable hiding locations and spawning mops | Delicate nature of eggs and fry requiring constant monitoring |
Well being and Ailments
Protecting your Blue Turquoise Discus wholesome is a rewarding journey, akin to nurturing a prized pet. A well-maintained atmosphere and attentive remark are key to stopping illnesses and making certain a vibrant, lengthy life in your fish. Proactive care and a eager eye for refined adjustments might be your best allies on this endeavor.
Widespread Ailments
A wholesome discus inhabitants depends on preventative measures. Early detection and immediate remedy are important for profitable restoration. Recognizing the early indicators of sickness can typically imply the distinction between a full restoration and a probably deadly consequence.
- Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich): It is a frequent exterior parasite. Affected fish typically exhibit tiny white spots, particularly on the physique and fins. The spots could itch, resulting in rubbing towards objects within the tank. Remedy usually includes elevating the water temperature to 86°F (30°C) for a number of days, and/or medicated baths with acceptable ich therapies.
- Columnaris (Flavobacterium columnare): This bacterial an infection typically causes a slimy coating on the fins and physique, together with redness and ulceration. The affected areas could exhibit a cotton-like look, particularly across the fins. Correct water parameters and medicated therapies, as directed by a fish veterinarian, are important for restoration. Early intervention is essential to keep away from the unfold to different fish.
- Fin Rot: This bacterial an infection manifests as frayed, ragged, or discolored fins. The rot typically progresses from the perimeters of the fins inward, resulting in important fin harm. Sustaining optimum water high quality and administering acceptable medicines are essential to managing the an infection.
- Dropsy: This illness, typically attributable to bacterial infections or parasites, results in an accumulation of fluid within the physique cavity. Affected fish could seem swollen or bloated, and their scales could protrude from the physique. Remedy is determined by the underlying trigger, and is commonly extra advanced and might not be efficient. Water high quality administration {and professional} veterinary session are sometimes required.
Diagnosing Ailments
Cautious remark is essential to recognizing the refined indicators of sickness in your Blue Turquoise Discus. The indicators could fluctuate relying on the particular illness, however on the lookout for adjustments in habits, look, and urge for food may be extremely indicative.
| Illness | Signs |
|---|---|
| Ich | Tiny white spots, rubbing towards tank objects, lethargy |
| Columnaris | Slimy coating, redness, ulceration, cotton-like look on fins |
| Fin Rot | Frayed, ragged, or discolored fins, progressing inward |
| Dropsy | Swollen or bloated look, protruding scales |
Remedy and Prevention
Remedy for fish illnesses ought to all the time be administered with the utmost care. It is essential to comply with the directions on the treatment rigorously and to observe the fish carefully for any indicators of enchancment or worsening. A preventative method, specializing in wonderful water high quality and acceptable tank circumstances, is the best option to cut back the chance of illness.
Keep common water adjustments, use a high-quality filter, and monitor ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate ranges.
Recognizing Stress
Stress is a major consider a fish’s susceptibility to illness. Recognizing stress indicators is essential for proactive care. Distressed fish could exhibit a spread of behavioral adjustments, together with hiding, lack of urge for food, lethargy, and erratic swimming patterns. A sudden change in habits might sign an underlying difficulty. Sustaining a relaxed and steady atmosphere, together with constant care, will assist your Blue Turquoise Discus thrive.
Aquarium Design and Shows
Making a fascinating and thriving atmosphere in your Blue Turquoise Discus is essential to their well-being and your enjoyment. A visually gorgeous and thoughtfully designed aquarium turns into a real masterpiece, reflecting the fantastic thing about these magnificent fish. This part delves into the specifics of designing an aquarium that caters to their wants and enhances their pure magnificence.
Preferrred Aquarium Setup
A spacious and well-maintained aquarium is essential for Blue Turquoise Discus. The minimal tank dimension for a pair or small group is 75 gallons. Bigger tanks, ideally 100 gallons or extra, present ample swimming area, permitting for pure behaviors and lowering stress. The water parameters should be meticulously maintained, making certain optimum well being and vitality. Think about a substrate of tremendous gravel or sand for a classy look, offering a clear and alluring atmosphere for the fish to discover.
Plant and Ornament Placement
Strategically positioned crops and decorations are important for making a visually partaking and stimulating habitat. Pure-looking, dwell crops, like Java ferns, Anubias, and Amazon swords, add depth and visible curiosity. These crops additionally present important hiding locations and contribute to water high quality. Keep away from overcrowding the tank; ample area for swimming is paramount. Decorations like driftwood, caves, and rocks must be chosen for his or her aesthetic enchantment and performance, mimicking pure habitats.
Positioning these parts across the tank creates visible curiosity and gives the fish with hiding locations and resting areas.
Lighting and Visible Components
Correct lighting performs a major function within the general aesthetic and well-being of the fish. A delicate, subtle lighting system is good. Keep away from harsh, direct lighting that may stress the fish. A mixture of LED lights and subdued lighting creates a balanced atmosphere. The strategic placement of lighting can intensify the colours and patterns of the fish, highlighting their distinctive magnificence.
Incorporate parts like water options, light streams, or cascading waterfalls so as to add dynamism and visible enchantment.
Aquarium Layouts for Blue Turquoise Discus
The format of your aquarium must be designed to enhance the pure behaviors of your Blue Turquoise Discus. A pure river-like format, with flowing water and numerous hiding locations, is a visually interesting choice. A extra jungle-themed setup with dense vegetation and complex decorations gives a serene and alluring atmosphere.
Examples of Aquarium Layouts
| Structure Kind | Description | Visible Enchantment |
|---|---|---|
| River-like | Replicates a pure riverbed with flowing water and diversified substrates. | Dynamic and visually partaking. |
| Jungle-themed | Dense vegetation and complex decorations create a lush, tropical atmosphere. | Serene and alluring. |
| Fashionable Minimalist | Clear strains, easy decorations, and refined lighting. | Refined and up to date. |
These examples illustrate the varied approaches to designing an aquarium for Blue Turquoise Discus, highlighting the significance of contemplating the visible enchantment and performance of every aspect. By rigorously planning the position of crops, decorations, and lighting, you’ll be able to create a shocking atmosphere that enhances the pure fantastic thing about your fish.
Aquarium Upkeep: Blue Turquoise Discus Fish
Protecting your dazzling blue turquoise discus completely satisfied and wholesome requires constant effort. A well-maintained aquarium is a thriving ecosystem, offering the optimum atmosphere for these stunning fish to flourish. This part particulars the essential features of aquarium upkeep, from common water adjustments to meticulous cleansing.
Routine Upkeep Schedule
A predictable schedule is essential to sustaining a wholesome aquarium. Consistency ensures a steady atmosphere in your discus. A routine schedule helps stop stress and promotes the general well-being of your fish. Common upkeep is not only about cleanliness; it is about offering a steady atmosphere that helps their pure behaviors.
- Each day checks are important. Observe the fish for any indicators of misery or sickness. Examine the water floor for uncommon particles or discoloration. Word any adjustments in water parameters.
- Weekly cleansing is significant for a thriving ecosystem. This consists of eradicating extra meals, lifeless crops, and particles that accumulate over time. A radical cleansing is crucial for stopping the build-up of dangerous substances within the water.
- Month-to-month upkeep duties embody a deep clear of the tank, together with the substrate and ornaments. Often clear filters to take care of water high quality and take away accrued particles.
Water Modifications
Common water adjustments are essential for sustaining optimum water high quality. Recent water replenishes important minerals and removes accrued waste merchandise. A gradual provide of recent water is crucial for the well-being of your discus. The precise frequency is determined by the dimensions of your aquarium, the variety of fish, and the filtration system.
- A common guideline is to carry out partial water adjustments of 25-30% each week. This technique helps to progressively dilute accrued waste merchandise with out stressing the fish.
- When performing water adjustments, use a dechlorinator to take away chlorine and chloramine from the faucet water. At all times use a gravel vacuum to take away particles from the substrate in the course of the water change course of. Make sure that the water temperature matches the tank’s temperature earlier than including it to the aquarium.
Cleansing the Tank and Gear
Common cleansing is crucial for sustaining a wholesome aquarium atmosphere. Correct cleansing prevents the buildup of dangerous substances, sustaining a steady atmosphere. Cleanliness prevents the build-up of doubtless dangerous algae and particles.
- Clear the glass surfaces of the tank utilizing a delicate sponge or a devoted aquarium cleaner to take away algae and different deposits. Often clear the gravel substrate, eradicating accrued particles and waste merchandise. Use a gravel vacuum to effectively take away waste from the substrate.
- Totally clear filters and different gear to take care of optimum water stream and filtration effectivity. Substitute filter media in response to the producer’s directions. A clear filter ensures the removing of waste and the upkeep of correct water stream.
Water Testing
Common water testing is important for monitoring the well being of your aquarium atmosphere. Water testing gives important knowledge concerning the water’s chemical composition and pH ranges. It is essential for detecting any potential imbalances early on, permitting you to deal with any points proactively.
- Check for ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and pH ranges frequently. Use a dependable take a look at equipment and comply with the producer’s directions rigorously. Check outcomes show you how to decide if the aquarium atmosphere is appropriate for the fish.
- A steady pH stage is significant. Discus are delicate to adjustments in water parameters. Sustaining constant parameters minimizes stress and helps their well-being.
Weekly Aquarium Upkeep Guidelines
| Day | Activity |
|---|---|
| Sunday | Partial water change (25-30%), gravel vacuum, filter upkeep, tank cleansing |
| Monday | Observe fish, water high quality examine (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, pH), filter media examine |
| Tuesday | Tank cleansing (glass surfaces), substrate cleansing, decoration cleansing |
| Wednesday | Observe fish, water high quality examine (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, pH), filter media examine |
| Thursday | Observe fish, water high quality examine (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, pH) |
| Friday | Observe fish, water high quality examine (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, pH), filter media examine |
| Saturday | Observe fish, water high quality examine (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, pH), filter media examine, deep clear tank gear (if mandatory) |
Historic Context and Reputation
The fascinating attract of the Blue Turquoise Discus, with its mesmerizing iridescence, has undeniably captivated aquarists worldwide. Its origins, intertwined with the fascinating historical past of discus fish, present a glimpse into the dedication and fervour driving the aquarium passion. From humble beginnings to widespread reputation, the journey of the Blue Turquoise Discus mirrors the evolution of aquaculture itself.The Blue Turquoise Discus, a vibrant jewel of the aquarium world, has ascended to a place of prominence.
Its hanging coloration, a symphony of blues and turquoises, is a testomony to the meticulous breeding efforts which have introduced it to its present state of refinement. Understanding its historic context gives a deeper appreciation for the dedication of aquarists and breeders who’ve cultivated this beautiful fish.
Origins and Discovery
The discus fish, a genus of cichlids, originated within the Amazon River basin, particularly the flooded forest areas. Their pure habitat, characterised by the wealthy biodiversity of the South American rainforest, has fostered their distinctive magnificence and resilience. The exact discovery of the Blue Turquoise Discus, a selectively bred variant, is much less clear than the overall origins of discus.
Its emergence was a results of cautious breeding and choice, not a spontaneous discovery.
Causes for Reputation
The Blue Turquoise Discus’s enchantment stems from a number of key components. Its hanging coloration mixture, typically described as a “blue-turquoise” gradient, is visually gorgeous. The fish’s sleek actions and inquisitive nature contribute to its fascinating presence in an aquarium setting. Its comparatively peaceable disposition, when housed with suitable tank mates, makes it an acceptable selection for each novice and skilled aquarists.
Moreover, the discus fish’s inherent resilience, coupled with the data and experience developed over a long time, ensures its ease of care.
Influence of Aquaculture and Breeding
Aquaculture has performed an important function within the availability and proliferation of the Blue Turquoise Discus. Fashionable breeding methods have led to a major enhance within the manufacturing of those fish, making them extra accessible to lovers. The demand for uncommon and fascinating coloration variations has pushed additional developments in breeding practices, leading to a wider spectrum of fascinating discus.
This intricate dance between nature and human intervention showcases the ingenuity of aquarists.
Value Vary Comparability
The worth of a Blue Turquoise Discus varies considerably, influenced by components just like the fish’s dimension, coloration depth, and lineage. In comparison with different discus varieties, Blue Turquoise Discus could fall inside an identical worth vary as different extremely sought-after discus strains. Elements like rarity, lineage, and high quality of specimens decide worth fluctuations.
Timeline of Discus Fish Growth
“The discus fish’s historical past is one in every of meticulous breeding and choice, not sudden discovery.”
- Early Twentieth Century: Preliminary observations and documentation of discus fish of their pure habitats mark the early phases of their recognition.
- Mid-Twentieth Century: Aquaculture begins to emerge as a major drive within the passion, with the primary devoted breeding efforts showcasing the potential for various strains.
- Late Twentieth Century: The event of specialised breeding methods and the emergence of coloration variants just like the Blue Turquoise Discus additional revolutionize the passion.
- Early twenty first Century: Continued refinement of breeding practices and a rising international curiosity in discus have led to even better accessibility for lovers.
Identification and Distinguishing Options
Unveiling the fascinating fantastic thing about the Blue Turquoise Discus, a real spectacle within the aquarium world, hinges on exact identification. This part delves into the important bodily traits that set this vibrant fish aside, permitting you to confidently distinguish it from its family members. Studying these particulars is essential for any aquarist keen about these fascinating creatures.
Key Bodily Traits
Correct identification depends on a cautious examination of a number of key bodily attributes. These particulars, like a singular fingerprint, assist separate the Blue Turquoise Discus from different discus varieties. Their elegant type and vibrant colours make them a pleasure to watch.
Distinguishing Options
A number of traits assist distinguish the Blue Turquoise Discus from comparable species. These options will not be simply aesthetic; they mirror the distinctive genetic make-up of this exceptional fish. Observing these traits will assist guarantee you will have a real Blue Turquoise Discus.
- Physique Form: The Blue Turquoise Discus usually possesses a streamlined, barely compressed physique form, a characteristic frequent to discus however with its personal nuances. The physique’s type, coupled with the colourful coloration, is among the most hanging options of the Blue Turquoise Discus.
- Finnage: The fins, significantly the dorsal and anal fins, are characteristically elongated and possess delicate, flowing edges. The fins are sometimes a hanging coloration that’s in step with the physique’s coloration sample.
- Scales: The scales are uniformly organized, making a clean texture that enhances the colourful colours. These are usually reflective, including to the fish’s general visible enchantment.
Shade Variations
The fascinating Blue Turquoise Discus boasts a variety of coloration variations. From the deepest turquoise to essentially the most vibrant blues, the colour spectrum is a testomony to the sweetness and genetic range of this species. This spectrum of hues provides to the inherent magnificence and attract of the fish.
| Shade Variation | Description | Visible Illustration |
|---|---|---|
| Deep Turquoise | Characterised by a deep, wealthy turquoise hue, typically with hints of blue-green. | (Think about a wealthy, deep teal coloration, with slight shifts in tone.) |
| Gentle Turquoise | Shows a lighter, virtually pastel-like turquoise, typically with a refined sheen. | (Envision a pale turquoise coloration, with refined highlights.) |
| Vibrant Blue | Showcases a superb, virtually electrical blue, typically with hints of violet or indigo. | (Image a brilliant, electrical blue with shimmering undertones.) |
Particular Markings, Patterns, and Colours
Particular markings, patterns, and colours play an important function within the identification of Blue Turquoise Discus. The intricate particulars improve the fish’s visible enchantment and permit for a exact identification.
- Eye Shade: The eyes are usually a darker shade, typically contrasting with the colourful colours of the physique and fins. This distinction is a key aspect of the fish’s aesthetic.
- Physique Markings: Some specimens could show refined patterns or markings on their our bodies. These patterns are distinctive and assist distinguish particular person fish. A radical examination of those markings will contribute to your understanding of this stunning species.
- Fin Patterns: The fins could have refined coloration variations or patterns that contribute to the general fantastic thing about the fish. These are important within the general look and contribute to the individuality of every specimen.
